john j



(No Model.)

J. J. LOONEY.

PIPE WRENCH.

N0. 343,668. Patented June 15, 1886.

WITNESSES INVENTOR ATTORNEYS;

' UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICEO,

JOHN J. LOONEY, OF HAZEL GREEN, WISCONSIN, ASSIGNOE TO HIMSELF ANDWILLIAM T. ANDREWS, OF OF GALENA, ILLINOIS.

SAME -PLACE, AND ARKANSAS VEST,

" PlPE-VVRE NCH.

SPECIFICATION forming arrot Letters Patent No. 343,668, dated June 15,1886, -Application filed October 12, 1885. Serial No. 179,648. (Nomodel.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN J. LONEY,a1eSldent of Hazel Green, in thecounty of Grant and State of Wisconsin, have invented certain new anduseful Improvements in Pipe- Wrenches; and I do hereby declare thefollowing to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention,such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it pertains tomake and use the same.

In the accompanying drawings, to which reference is had in thisspecification, Figure 1 is a side elevation of the wrench as applied toa small rod or cylinder; Fig. 2, a similar view when the diameter ofthecylinder to be grasped by the jaws is equal to the diameter of the innerpartial circle of the jaw L. Fig. 3 shows the application of the wrenchto a pipe or cylinder too large to fall into the curved jaw L,

and Fig. 4 is a plan of the device as shown in Fig. 1.

In all the figures, A is a bar, preferably of steel, forming the bodyand handle of my wrench; N, a jaw or head formed integrally 2 5therewith, its general direction making an obtuse angle with the bar A.A portion, B, of the bar A is screw-threaded, the thread extendingnearly or quite to the jaw N. Upon this threaded portion of the handlean internally-threaded short sleeve or nut, O, is placed, and upondiametrically-opposite sides of this nut are trunnions or pins F. Asecond jaw or retaining-hook, L, of the wrench is bifurcated, itsbranches M enlarged, forming perforated cheek-pieces E, fitting thetrunnions F, whereby the jaw swings freely upon F as a pivot. Thescrew-threads upon the handle are cut away upon the top and bottom ofsaid handle, leaving a plane surface, 0, Fig. 4,

upon which the set-screw D may be made to press, whereby the handle Amay be locked at intervals of one hundred and eighty degrees in itsrotation.

The jaw N is provided with two curved sur-.

faces for impinging upon rods or pipes to be turned or held. These facesI and K-are preferably curved as to general direction (the radii ofcurvature not being the same for the two faces) and serrated. The teethare broad,

extending across their respective faces, as shown in Fig. 4, aresharp-edged, and inclined slightly in the direction of their motion whenturning a pipe. The curved surfaces IK are 7 formed on opposite sides ofthe jaw N, andintersect at the extreme end thereof, and while 5 they aresubstantially symmetrical with reference toa plane parallel to the axisof the shank B, they are non-symmetrical with ref erence to the axisitself, since their intersection is at one side of said axis. From theintersection of the two surfaces the face I extends inward toward theaxis of the shank, while the face K extends outward away from the axis.The face I may therefore be said to be nearer the axis than the face K,and the object and result of this difference in position of the twofaces are to adapt them to operate on different sizes of rods or pipes.It is evident that the movable jaw L, when in position to co-operatewith the face I, is adapted to grasp a larger rod than when rotated onehundred and eighty degrees into a position to co-operate with the faceK. The jaw L is also provided with a sharp edge, H, at its extremity,and may, if desired, be internally serrated, although in practice I donot find this necessary.

The handle A may be of any desired length and size, according to thepower to be employed and the rigidity deemed desirable. 8o

' In operation the relative position of the jaws with reference to theline of the handle depends'upon the size of the cylinder upon which thewrench is used. If the rod or pipe be small, as in Fig. 1, the handle Ais advanced in the nut O, by rotation, until its jaw N comes wellforward into the hook E and its lower short face, K, meets the rodJ. Ifthe rod J be larger, the handle is rotated in the nut O, and thus drawnbackward, and if the rod be not 0 larger than the inner circle of thejaw L, either the face I or the face K may be made the working face,though the former is shown in the drawings, Fig. 2, as engaging. If therod J be still larger, the handle is still farther with- 5 drawn in thenut O and the longer face, I, made to engage. In this ease the point oredge of the jaw L presses sharply into the rod J, which is supported bythe tangent planesurface of the jaw-arm Mr A rod still larger than therod J shown in Fig. 3 may be held or turned with equal facility, thelimit being the size where the axis of the rod or pipe falls at amaterial distance outside the straight line joining the points oftherespective jaws L and N. Now, in either of the Figs. 1, 2, 3, if thehandle be raised, the jaw N is prevented from sliding upon the cylinderJ by its serrated face, and the tendency is to carry the pivotF aboutthe line of contact b as an axis ofrotation; but as this can he done,the pipe J being stationary, only by compressing said pipe, it followsthat the pipe is grasped with great firmness. In other words,thedifferent parts form a kind of toggle-joint, the pipe J, between itslines of 'contaeta and b with the respective jaws, forming ontoggle-bar, and the jaw N,between its line bf contact I) and thetrnnnions F, acting as the mner toggle-bar. Raising the handle A tendsto force the three points a,b, and F into the saine straight line, andsince the points a and F cannot separate, a great force of 00111-pi-ession isek'erted upon the pipe J and all sliding of thejaws thereonis thus prevented, and the pipe itself iniist rotate if the handle heraised Instead of the threaded portion of the bar A being flattened thethreads may be heavy and the set-screw broader at its base, when itcanwithout injury act on the outer surface of the threads themselves, orthe bar A may be longitudinally grooved and carry in this groove aspring to engage with "the nut G by means of depressions therein.

ther modifications may be made in various parts'ol' mydevicec. 9.,thejaw N may be'conneeted with the bar A by a joint, allowing a certainamount of adjustment by its rotation through a small angle.

What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. In a pipe-Teach, the combination of a double-faced jaw formedintegrally with the handle of the wrench, its faces which engage thepipe making different angles with said handle, and a second co-operatingjaw pivoted upon a revoluble support upon the handle-bar of the wrench.

2. In apipe-wrench, the combination, with the shank thereof, of a jawformed integrally with the shank, but at an angle thereto, and havingtwo working faces non-symmetrical with reference to the axis of theshank, a sleeve rotating on the shank, and a jaw pivoted to the sleeveand adapted to be brought into 00- operative position with either ofsaid working faces through the rotation of said sleeve.

3. In a pipe-wrench, the combination, with the screw-threaded shankthereof, of ajaw integral with the shank,but at an angle thereto, andhaving two working faces non-symmetrical with reference to the axis ofthe shank, an

internally'serew-threaded sleeve rotating on the shank, and a jawpivoted to the sleeve, the rotation of j the sleeve being adapted tomove pin the pivoted jaw longitudinally with reference 7o to the shank,and also to bring said jaw into cooperative position with either workingface of the stationary jaw as desired.

4. The combination, with the screw-threaded and flattened shank B, ofthe jaw N at an angle to the shank and having thetwo working faces I K,the internally-screw-threaded sleeve C, engaging the shank B, and theset-screw D, passing through said sleeve and adapted to fasten it in anydesired position on the shank, and the jaw L pivoted to the sleeve andadapted to co-operate with either of the faces I K, substantially asshown and "described, and for the purpose set forth.

In testimony whereof I have signed this specification in the presence oftwo subscribing witnesses.

JOHN J. LooNnY. Witnesses:

Joan BIRKETT, G130. K. MILLS.

